Which factor significantly increases the risk for shoulder dystocia in delivery?

The factor that significantly increases the risk for shoulder dystocia during delivery encompasses a variety of elements, including maternal obesity, infant's increased birth weight, and short maternal stature. Each of these factors contributes to the likelihood of shoulder dystocia.

Maternal obesity can lead to excessive fetal growth, as well as changes in the pelvic anatomy that may lead to difficulties during delivery. An increased body mass index (BMI) can also affect the mechanics of labor and delivery.

An infant's increased birth weight, particularly when it is classified as macrosomia (typically above 4,000 grams or 8 pounds, 13 ounces), poses a risk for shoulder dystocia as larger infants may have wider shoulders, making the passage through the birth canal more complicated.

Short maternal stature may contribute to a reduced pelvic size, thus increasing the probability of complications during delivery. Shorter women may have less space in the pelvic region, which can hinder the baby's ability to pass through, further elevating the risk of shoulder dystocia.

Considering that all these factors interrelate and contribute to the challenges during delivery, saying that all of the above significantly increases the risk for shoulder dystocia provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential obstetric complications that can arise.